Project R-15838

Stochastic thermodynamics of collective heat engines: Finite reservoirs and active particles (Research)

The construction of heat engines has been fundamental in thermodynamics since Sadi Carnot and has advanced with stochastic and quantum thermodynamics. It extends energy conversion to the nanoscopic scale and differs from equilibrium thermodynamics in three key ways: (1) No pistons are needed, as energy conversion relies on microscopic units; (2) These systems operate out of equilibrium, leading to lower performance than ideal cases; (3) Fluctuations at the nanoscale influence the system significantly. Choosing the right protocol is crucial for efficiency. Recent studies aim to maximize performance and minimize dissipation. Key approaches focus on maximizing power and efficiency, controlling interaction time with thermal baths, tuning system-reservoir coupling, and using dynamic control via shortcuts for adiabaticity, isothermality, or collective behavior-based thermal machines.

19 June 2025 - 31 May 2027