Project R-16555

Dialogues in primary schools to prevent polarization (Research)

Polarization is becoming an increasing concern for democratic society. It refers to the growing divide between different groups, which is so deep and persistent that it undermines social cohesion. Polarization often manifests as a sharp division between "us" and "them" and can eventually lead to alienation, hostility, prejudice, hate speech, and even hate crimes. Research shows that polarization can manifest at a young age (from 11 years old). An important part of the solution to this societal problem is citizenship education, as it can teach students to engage respectfully and empathetically with different perspectives through dialogue. However, it appears that there is little room for depolarizing dialogue in classroom practice worldwide. This project aims to gain insight into the barriers teachers face in providing opportunities for this dialogue. To this end, a multiphased, convergent mixed-methods study will be conducted. In the first phase, existing evidence on the qualities and competencies for depolarizing dialogues will be visually mapped based on a systematic literature review. These insights will inform the second phase, in which a dialogical program for fifth grade pupil in primary school will be developed and tested for effectiveness. In the third phase of case studies, various classroom and school contexts will be examined to identify what helps or hinders teachers in promoting open and respectful dialogues among students.

01 October 2026 - 30 September 2030